# <pre>

# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of

# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.



# This file also includes Pacific islands.



# Notes are at the end of this file



###############################################################################



# Australia



# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.



# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

Rule	Aus	1917	only	-	Jan	 1	0:01	1:00	-

Rule	Aus	1917	only	-	Mar	25	2:00	0	-

Rule	Aus	1942	only	-	Jan	 1	2:00	1:00	-

Rule	Aus	1942	only	-	Mar	29	2:00	0	-

Rule	Aus	1942	only	-	Sep	27	2:00	1:00	-

Rule	Aus	1943	1944	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	-

Rule	Aus	1943	only	-	Oct	 3	2:00	1:00	-

# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which

# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944.  Ignore Whitman's claim that

# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.



# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

# Northern Territory

Zone Australia/Darwin	 8:43:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb

			 9:00	-	CST	1899 May

			 9:30	Aus	CST

# Western Australia

#

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

Rule	AW	1974	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-

Rule	AW	1975	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AW	1983	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-

Rule	AW	1984	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AW	1991	only	-	Nov	17	2:00s	1:00	-

Rule	AW	1992	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AW	2006	only	-	Dec	 3	2:00s	1:00	-

Rule	AW	2007	2009	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AW	2007	2008	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-

Zone Australia/Perth	 7:43:24 -	LMT	1895 Dec

			 8:00	Aus	WST	1943 Jul

			 8:00	AW	WST

Zone Australia/Eucla	 8:35:28 -	LMT	1895 Dec

			 8:45	Aus	CWST	1943 Jul

			 8:45	AW	CWST



# Queensland

#

# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01):

# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast

# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after

# Queensland ceased to.

#

# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):

# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,

# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.

# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,

# so use Lindeman.

#

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

Rule	AQ	1971	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-

Rule	AQ	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AQ	1989	1991	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-

Rule	AQ	1990	1992	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-

Rule	Holiday	1992	1993	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-

Rule	Holiday	1993	1994	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-

Zone Australia/Brisbane	10:12:08 -	LMT	1895

			10:00	Aus	EST	1971

			10:00	AQ	EST

Zone Australia/Lindeman  9:55:56 -	LMT	1895

			10:00	Aus	EST	1971

			10:00	AQ	EST	1992 Jul

			10:00	Holiday	EST



# South Australia

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

Rule	AS	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-

Rule	AS	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00s	1:00	-

Rule	AS	1987	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-

Rule	AS	1972	only	-	Feb	27	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AS	1973	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AS	1986	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AS	1991	only	-	Mar	3	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AS	1992	only	-	Mar	22	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AS	1993	only	-	Mar	7	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AS	1994	only	-	Mar	20	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AS	1995	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AS	2006	only	-	Apr	2	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AS	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AS	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AS	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone Australia/Adelaide	9:14:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb

			9:00	-	CST	1899 May

			9:30	Aus	CST	1971

			9:30	AS	CST



# Tasmania

#

# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):

# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml>

# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.

#

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

Rule	AT	1967	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-

Rule	AT	1968	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AT	1968	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-

Rule	AT	1969	1971	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AT	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AT	1973	1981	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AT	1982	1983	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AT	1984	1986	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AT	1986	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	-

Rule	AT	1987	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AT	1987	only	-	Oct	Sun>=22	2:00s	1:00	-

Rule	AT	1988	1990	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-

Rule	AT	1991	1999	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-

Rule	AT	1991	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AT	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-

Rule	AT	2001	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-

Rule	AT	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AT	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AT	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone Australia/Hobart	9:49:16	-	LMT	1895 Sep

			10:00	-	EST	1916 Oct 1 2:00

			10:00	1:00	EST	1917 Feb

			10:00	Aus	EST	1967

			10:00	AT	EST

Zone Australia/Currie	9:35:28	-	LMT	1895 Sep

			10:00	-	EST	1916 Oct 1 2:00

			10:00	1:00	EST	1917 Feb

			10:00	Aus	EST	1971 Jul

			10:00	AT	EST



# Victoria

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

Rule	AV	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-

Rule	AV	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AV	1973	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AV	1986	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AV	1986	1987	-	Oct	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	-

Rule	AV	1988	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-

Rule	AV	1991	1994	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AV	1995	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AV	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-

Rule	AV	2001	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-

Rule	AV	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AV	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AV	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AV	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 -	LMT	1895 Feb

			10:00	Aus	EST	1971

			10:00	AV	EST



# New South Wales

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

Rule	AN	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-

Rule	AN	1972	only	-	Feb	27	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AN	1973	1981	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AN	1982	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AN	1983	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AN	1986	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AN	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00s	1:00	-

Rule	AN	1987	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-

Rule	AN	1990	1995	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AN	1996	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AN	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-

Rule	AN	2001	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-

Rule	AN	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AN	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AN	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-

Rule	AN	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone Australia/Sydney	10:04:52 -	LMT	1895 Feb

			10:00	Aus	EST	1971

			10:00	AN	EST

Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 -	LMT	1895 Feb

			10:00	-	EST	1896 Aug 23

			9:00	-	CST	1899 May

			9:30	Aus	CST	1971

			9:30	AN	CST	2000

			9:30	AS	CST



# Lord Howe Island

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

Rule	LH	1981	1984	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	-

Rule	LH	1982	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-

Rule	LH	1985	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0:30	-

Rule	LH	1986	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-

Rule	LH	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00	0:30	-

Rule	LH	1987	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0:30	-

Rule	LH	1990	1995	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-

Rule	LH	1996	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	-

Rule	LH	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00	0:30	-

Rule	LH	2001	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0:30	-

Rule	LH	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-

Rule	LH	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	-

Rule	LH	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-

Rule	LH	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	0:30	-

Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb

			10:00	-	EST	1981 Mar

			10:30	LH	LHST



# Australian miscellany

#

# Ashmore Is, Cartier

# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers

# no times are set

#

# Coral Sea Is

# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists

# no times are set

#

# Macquarie

# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948;

# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917

# like Australia/Hobart



# Christmas

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone Indian/Christmas	7:02:52 -	LMT	1895 Feb

			7:00	-	CXT	# Christmas Island Time



# Cook Is

# From Shanks & Pottenger:

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

Rule	Cook	1978	only	-	Nov	12	0:00	0:30	HS

Rule	Cook	1979	1991	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-

Rule	Cook	1979	1990	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0:30	HS

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone Pacific/Rarotonga	-10:39:04 -	LMT	1901		# Avarua

			-10:30	-	CKT	1978 Nov 12	# Cook Is Time

			-10:00	Cook	CK%sT



# Cocos

# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.

# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone	Indian/Cocos	6:27:40	-	LMT	1900

			6:30	-	CCT	# Cocos Islands Time



# Fiji

# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10):

# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation,  Fiji plans to re-introduce DST

# from November 29th 2009  to April 25th 2010.

#

# "Daylight savings to commence this month"

# <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719">

# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719

# </a>

# or

# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html">

# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html

# </a>



# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10):

# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved

# amendments:

# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml">

# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml

# </a>



# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03):

# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on

# 2010-03-28 at 03:00.

# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March

# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?).

#

# Official source:

# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166">

# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166

# </a>

#

# A bit more background info here:

# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html">

# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html

# </a>



# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24):

# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3

# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011...

# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands,

# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site:

# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155">

# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155

# </a>

# or

# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html">

# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html

# </a>



# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03):

# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date

# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong).

#

# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155">

# www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155

# </a>

# which says

# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in

# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to

# 2am on February 26 next year.



# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24)

# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for

# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22.

#

# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155">

# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155

# </a>

# states:

#

# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012

# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012.

# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start

# on the  23rd of October, 2011.



# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen:

# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate

# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st

# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013.

# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155

#

# From Paul Eggert (2012-08-31):

# For now, guess a pattern of the penultimate Sundays in October and January.



# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

Rule	Fiji	1998	1999	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S

Rule	Fiji	1999	2000	-	Feb	lastSun	3:00	0	-

Rule	Fiji	2009	only	-	Nov	29	2:00	1:00	S

Rule	Fiji	2010	only	-	Mar	lastSun	3:00	0	-

Rule	Fiji	2010	max	-	Oct	Sun>=18	2:00	1:00	S

Rule	Fiji	2011	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	-

Rule	Fiji	2012	max	-	Jan	Sun>=18	3:00	0	-

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone	Pacific/Fiji	11:53:40 -	LMT	1915 Oct 26	# Suva

			12:00	Fiji	FJ%sT	# Fiji Time



# French Polynesia

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone	Pacific/Gambier	 -8:59:48 -	LMT	1912 Oct	# Rikitea

			 -9:00	-	GAMT	# Gambier Time

Zone	Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 -	LMT	1912 Oct

			 -9:30	-	MART	# Marquesas Time

Zone	Pacific/Tahiti	 -9:58:16 -	LMT	1912 Oct	# Papeete

			-10:00	-	TAHT	# Tahiti Time

# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;

# it is uninhabited.



# Guam

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone	Pacific/Guam	-14:21:00 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31

			 9:39:00 -	LMT	1901		# Agana

			10:00	-	GST	2000 Dec 23	# Guam

			10:00	-	ChST	# Chamorro Standard Time



# Kiribati

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone Pacific/Tarawa	 11:32:04 -	LMT	1901		# Bairiki

			 12:00	-	GILT		 # Gilbert Is Time

Zone Pacific/Enderbury	-11:24:20 -	LMT	1901

			-12:00	-	PHOT	1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time

			-11:00	-	PHOT	1995

			 13:00	-	PHOT

Zone Pacific/Kiritimati	-10:29:20 -	LMT	1901

			-10:40	-	LINT	1979 Oct # Line Is Time

			-10:00	-	LINT	1995

			 14:00	-	LINT



# N Mariana Is

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone Pacific/Saipan	-14:17:00 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31

			 9:43:00 -	LMT	1901

			 9:00	-	MPT	1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time

			10:00	-	MPT	2000 Dec 23

			10:00	-	ChST	# Chamorro Standard Time



# Marshall Is

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone Pacific/Majuro	11:24:48 -	LMT	1901

			11:00	-	MHT	1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time

			12:00	-	MHT

Zone Pacific/Kwajalein	11:09:20 -	LMT	1901

			11:00	-	MHT	1969 Oct

			-12:00	-	KWAT	1993 Aug 20	# Kwajalein Time

			12:00	-	MHT



# Micronesia

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone Pacific/Chuuk	10:07:08 -	LMT	1901

			10:00	-	CHUT			# Chuuk Time

Zone Pacific/Pohnpei	10:32:52 -	LMT	1901		# Kolonia

			11:00	-	PONT			# Pohnpei Time

Zone Pacific/Kosrae	10:51:56 -	LMT	1901

			11:00	-	KOST	1969 Oct	# Kosrae Time

			12:00	-	KOST	1999

			11:00	-	KOST



# Nauru

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone	Pacific/Nauru	11:07:40 -	LMT	1921 Jan 15	# Uaobe

			11:30	-	NRT	1942 Mar 15	# Nauru Time

			9:00	-	JST	1944 Aug 15

			11:30	-	NRT	1979 May

			12:00	-	NRT



# New Caledonia

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

Rule	NC	1977	1978	-	Dec	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S

Rule	NC	1978	1979	-	Feb	27	0:00	0	-

Rule	NC	1996	only	-	Dec	 1	2:00s	1:00	S

# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.

Rule	NC	1997	only	-	Mar	 2	2:00s	0	-

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone	Pacific/Noumea	11:05:48 -	LMT	1912 Jan 13

			11:00	NC	NC%sT





###############################################################################



# New Zealand



# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

Rule	NZ	1927	only	-	Nov	 6	2:00	1:00	S

Rule	NZ	1928	only	-	Mar	 4	2:00	0	M

Rule	NZ	1928	1933	-	Oct	Sun>=8	2:00	0:30	S

Rule	NZ	1929	1933	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00	0	M

Rule	NZ	1934	1940	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	0	M

Rule	NZ	1934	1940	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0:30	S

Rule	NZ	1946	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	S

# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no

# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines.

Rule	NZ	1974	only	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D

Rule	Chatham	1974	only	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:45s	1:00	D

Rule	NZ	1975	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	S

Rule	Chatham	1975	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:45s	0	S

Rule	NZ	1975	1988	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D

Rule	Chatham	1975	1988	-	Oct	lastSun	2:45s	1:00	D

Rule	NZ	1976	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S

Rule	Chatham	1976	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:45s	0	S

Rule	NZ	1989	only	-	Oct	Sun>=8	2:00s	1:00	D

Rule	Chatham	1989	only	-	Oct	Sun>=8	2:45s	1:00	D

Rule	NZ	1990	2006	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D

Rule	Chatham	1990	2006	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:45s	1:00	D

Rule	NZ	1990	2007	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	S

Rule	Chatham	1990	2007	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:45s	0	S

Rule	NZ	2007	max	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D

Rule	Chatham	2007	max	-	Sep	lastSun	2:45s	1:00	D

Rule	NZ	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S

Rule	Chatham	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:45s	0	S

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone Pacific/Auckland	11:39:04 -	LMT	1868 Nov  2

			11:30	NZ	NZ%sT	1946 Jan  1

			12:00	NZ	NZ%sT

Zone Pacific/Chatham	12:13:48 -	LMT	1957 Jan  1

			12:45	Chatham	CHA%sT





# Auckland Is

# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,

# and scientific personnel have wintered



# Campbell I

# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914

# scientific station operated 1941/1995;

# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered

# was probably like Pacific/Auckland



###############################################################################





# Niue

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone	Pacific/Niue	-11:19:40 -	LMT	1901		# Alofi

			-11:20	-	NUT	1951	# Niue Time

			-11:30	-	NUT	1978 Oct 1

			-11:00	-	NUT



# Norfolk

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone	Pacific/Norfolk	11:11:52 -	LMT	1901		# Kingston

			11:12	-	NMT	1951	# Norfolk Mean Time

			11:30	-	NFT		# Norfolk Time



# Palau (Belau)

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone Pacific/Palau	8:57:56 -	LMT	1901		# Koror

			9:00	-	PWT	# Palau Time



# Papua New Guinea

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 -	LMT	1880

			9:48:32	-	PMMT	1895	# Port Moresby Mean Time

			10:00	-	PGT		# Papua New Guinea Time



# Pitcairn

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone Pacific/Pitcairn	-8:40:20 -	LMT	1901		# Adamstown

			-8:30	-	PNT	1998 Apr 27 00:00

			-8:00	-	PST	# Pitcairn Standard Time



# American Samoa

Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago	 12:37:12 -	LMT	1879 Jul  5

			-11:22:48 -	LMT	1911

			-11:30	-	SAMT	1950		# Samoa Time

			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr	# N=Nome

			-11:00	-	BST	1983 Nov 30	# B=Bering

			-11:00	-	SST			# S=Samoa



# Samoa



# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16):

# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received

# the following info:

#

# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year

# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first

# Sunday of April 2011."

#

# Background info:

# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html">

# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html

# </a>

#

# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not

# contain any dates:

# <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf">

# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf

# </a>



# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07):

# Please see

# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws">

# http://www.mcil.gov.ws

# </a>,

# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday

# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight

# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks

# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am"



# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07):

# I believe this will be posted shortly on the website

# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws">

# www.mcil.gov.ws

# </a>

#

# PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME

#

# Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision,

# businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight

# saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11).

#

# The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes

# the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011,

# then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be

# adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs).

#

# Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE,

# INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011



# From David Zuelke (2011-05-09):

# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line

#

# <a href="http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963">

# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963

# </a>



# From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17):

# I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law

# Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she

# confirmed has been passed...Most of the sections are about maps rather

# than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But

# the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa

# changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13:

#

# International Date Line Bill 2011

#

# AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make

# consequential amendments to the position of the International Date

# Line, and for related purposes.

#

# BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament

# assembled as follows:

#

# 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the

# International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act

# commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3)

# Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State.

#

# [snip]

#

# 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any

# other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the

# time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time.

#

# 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa

# standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated

# Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's

# time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and

# instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to

# Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this

# Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that

# it defines Samoa standard time....



# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02):

# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html">

# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html

# </a>

#

# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change

#

# DST

# Year	End	Time	Start	Time

# 2011	- - -	- - -	24 September	3:00am to 4:00am

# 2012	01 April	4:00am to 3:00am	- - -	- - -

#

# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011

# Thursday 29th December 2011	23:59:59 Hours

# Saturday 31st December 2011	00:00:00 Hours

#

# Clarification by Tim Parenti (2012-01-03):

# Although Samoa has used Daylight Saving Time in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012

# seasons, there is not yet any indication that this trend will continue on

# a regular basis. For now, we have explicitly listed the transitions below.

#

# From Nicky (2012-09-10):

# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and

# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.

#

# Please find link below for more information.

# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html

#

# That publication also includes dates for Summer of 2013/4 as well

# which give the impression of a pattern in selecting dates for the

# future, so for now, we will guess this will continue.



# Western Samoa

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

Rule	WS	2012	max	-	Sep	lastSun	3:00	1	D

Rule	WS	2012	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	4:00	0	-

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone Pacific/Apia	 12:33:04 -	LMT	1879 Jul  5

			-11:26:56 -	LMT	1911

			-11:30	-	SAMT	1950		# Samoa Time

			-11:00	-	WST	2010 Sep 26

			-11:00	1:00	WSDT	2011 Apr 2 4:00

			-11:00	-	WST	2011 Sep 24 3:00

			-11:00	1:00	WSDT	2011 Dec 30

			 13:00	1:00	WSDT	2012 Apr Sun>=1 4:00

			 13:00	WS	WS%sT



# Solomon Is

# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 -	LMT	1912 Oct	# Honiara

			11:00	-	SBT	# Solomon Is Time



# Tokelau Is

#

# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29)

# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping

# December 31 this year ...

#

# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25)

# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking

# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13....

# Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change

# actually was to UTC-11 back then.

#

# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25)

# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of

# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948,

# <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau

# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T."  Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger

# are off by an hour starting in 1901.



# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone	Pacific/Fakaofo	-11:24:56 -	LMT	1901

			-11:00	-	TKT 2011 Dec 30	# Tokelau Time

			13:00	-	TKT



# Tonga

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

Rule	Tonga	1999	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00s	1:00	S

Rule	Tonga	2000	only	-	Mar	19	2:00s	0	-

Rule	Tonga	2000	2001	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S

Rule	Tonga	2001	2002	-	Jan	lastSun	2:00	0	-

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone Pacific/Tongatapu	12:19:20 -	LMT	1901

			12:20	-	TOT	1941 # Tonga Time

			13:00	-	TOT	1999

			13:00	Tonga	TO%sT



# Tuvalu

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone Pacific/Funafuti	11:56:52 -	LMT	1901

			12:00	-	TVT	# Tuvalu Time





# US minor outlying islands



# Howland, Baker

# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British

# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.

# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;

# uninhabited thereafter.

# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937;

# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long,

# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000).

# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935

# until they were abandoned after the war.



# Jarvis

# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?.

# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958;

# uninhabited thereafter.

# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati



# Johnston

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone Pacific/Johnston	-10:00	-	HST



# Kingman

# uninhabited



# Midway

#

# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23):

# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies,

# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3]

# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly

# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting

# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast.  As it uses some time zone

# designations that I've never seen before:....

# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I.   H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun.

#  "   3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A  "

#

Zone Pacific/Midway	-11:49:28 -	LMT	1901

			-11:00	-	NST	1956 Jun  3

			-11:00	1:00	NDT	1956 Sep  2

			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr	# N=Nome

			-11:00	-	BST	1983 Nov 30	# B=Bering

			-11:00	-	SST			# S=Samoa



# Palmyra

# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati



# Wake

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone	Pacific/Wake	11:06:28 -	LMT	1901

			12:00	-	WAKT	# Wake Time





# Vanuatu

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

Rule	Vanuatu	1983	only	-	Sep	25	0:00	1:00	S

Rule	Vanuatu	1984	1991	-	Mar	Sun>=23	0:00	0	-

Rule	Vanuatu	1984	only	-	Oct	23	0:00	1:00	S

Rule	Vanuatu	1985	1991	-	Sep	Sun>=23	0:00	1:00	S

Rule	Vanuatu	1992	1993	-	Jan	Sun>=23	0:00	0	-

Rule	Vanuatu	1992	only	-	Oct	Sun>=23	0:00	1:00	S

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone	Pacific/Efate	11:13:16 -	LMT	1912 Jan 13		# Vila

			11:00	Vanuatu	VU%sT	# Vanuatu Time



# Wallis and Futuna

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901

			12:00	-	WFT	# Wallis & Futuna Time



###############################################################################



# NOTES



# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,

# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to

# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).



# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):

# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is

# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),

# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).

#

# Gwillim Law writes that a good source

# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport

# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),

# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries

# of the IATA's data after 1990.

#

# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for

# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.

#

# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,

# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which

# I found in the UCLA library.

#

# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is

# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).

#

# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;

# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.

# Corrections are welcome!

#		std dst

#		LMT	Local Mean Time

#	  8:00	WST WST	Western Australia

#	  8:45	CWST CWST Central Western Australia*

#	  9:00	JST	Japan

#	  9:30	CST CST	Central Australia

#	 10:00	EST EST	Eastern Australia

#	 10:00	ChST	Chamorro

#	 10:30	LHST LHST Lord Howe*

#	 11:30	NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945

#	 12:00	NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present

#	 12:45	CHAST CHADT Chatham*

#	-11:00	SST	Samoa

#	-10:00	HST	Hawaii

#	- 8:00	PST	Pitcairn*

#

# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.

# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.



###############################################################################



# Australia



# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):

# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml">

# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia

# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.



# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):

# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving">

# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales

# </a> covers New South Wales in particular.



# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):

# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.

# It is called `summer' time.  Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'

# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the

# abbreviation does _not_ change...

# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least

# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the

# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses

# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight

# time'.

# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian

# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time'

# or `Eastern Summer Time'.  (Note, though, that as I say in the

# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.)  Announcers

# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases

# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times;

# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.



# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):

# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is:

#	CST	for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30

#	WST	for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00

#	EST	for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00



# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01):

# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones:

# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time>

# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations:

# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml>



# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST"

# versus "AEST" etc.:

#

# I see the following points of dispute:

#

# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations?

#

#   Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris

#   Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper

#   operation of software.  We have other instances of ambiguity

#   (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian

#   Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon.

#   In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique

#   abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't

#   think it's that important to cater to such software these days.

#

#   On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous

#   abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion.  This is

#   particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for

#   time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second.

#

# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used?

#

#   Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in

#   many other countries.  We Americans are currently disagreeing about

#   which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard

#   Time, for example.

#

#   Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to

#   refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a

#   tiebreaker.

#

# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern

#   Summer Time"?  Do they typically prefix the time zone names with

#   the word "Australian"?

#

#   My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are

#   common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more

#   popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more

#   often than not.  I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the

#   following count of page hits:

#

#     1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au

#       971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au

#       613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au

#       127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au

#

#   Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight",

#   particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US,

#   say.  The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer

#   Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time.

#

#   For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of

#   ambiguity.  Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and

#   many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones.  But here

#   are the hit counts anyway:

#

#     161,304 "EST" and domain:au

#      25,156 "EDT" and domain:au

#      18,263 "AEST" and domain:au

#      10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au

#

#      14,538 "CST" and domain:au

#       5,728 "CDT" and domain:au

#         176 "ACST" and domain:au

#          29 "ACDT" and domain:au

#

#       7,539 "WST" and domain:au

#          68 "AWST" and domain:au

#

#   This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in

#   practice.  The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given

#   the ambiguities involved.

#

# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database?

#

#   If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3

#   against.  One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay,

#   saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and

#   understood in Australia.



# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):

# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.

# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper

# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,

# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970

# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time.

# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.



# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):

#

# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,

# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more

# relevant entries in this database.

#

# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):

# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html">

# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)

# </a>

# ACT

# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html">

# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972

# </a>

# SA

# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html">

# Standard Time Act, 1898

# </a>



# From David Grosz (2005-06-13):

# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by

# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.

# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday

# in April instead of the last Sunday in March.

#

# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14):

# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan

# to extend DST together in 2006.

# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt

# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html

# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html

# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772

# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles

# allude to it.

# But not Queensland

# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html.



# Northern Territory



# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):

# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY..  [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]

# #					[ Nov 1990 ]

# #	N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.

# ...

# Zone        Australia/North         9:30    -       CST



# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):

# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...

# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.



# Western Australia



# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):

# #  The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA..  [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]

# #						[ Nov 1990 ]

# #	W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to

# #	DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but

# #	usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus

# #	before reaching parliament.

# ...

# Zone	Australia/West		8:00	AW	%sST

# ...

# Rule	AW	1974	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D

# Rule	AW	1975	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	W

# Rule	AW	1983	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D

# Rule	AW	1984	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	W



# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):

# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...

# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.



# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):

# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney

# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at

# work at 9.00am.)

# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse

# everybody again.



# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):

# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;

# it matches what was used in the past.



# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm">

# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ

# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses

# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.



# Queensland

# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):

# #   The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]

# #						[ Dec 1990 ]

# ...

# Zone	Australia/Queensland	10:00	AQ	%sST

# ...

# Rule	AQ	1971	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D

# Rule	AQ	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	3:00	0	E

# Rule	AQ	1989	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D

# Rule	AQ	1990	max	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	E



# From Bradley White (1989-12-24):

# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from

# October 1989).



# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):

# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...

# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving

# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...



# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):

# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact

# end on Sunday, 3 March.  I don't know at what hour, though.  (It surprised

# me.)



# From Bradley White (1992-03-08):

# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted

# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...

# ...

# Rule	QLD	1989	1991	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D

# Rule	QLD	1990	1992	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	S

# ...



# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):

# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.



# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning

# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01):

# WA are trialing DST for three years.

# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf>



# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):

# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the

# southern coast....  South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western

# Australia does not.  The two states are one and a half hours apart.  The

# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so

# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the

# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South

# Australia and Western Australia....

#

# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):

# This is confirmed by the section entitled

# "What's the deal with time zones???" in

# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>.

#

# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):

# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,

# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern

# coast of the continent.

#

# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no

# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border

# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west

# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is

# the largest population centre in this zone....

#

# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the

# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I

# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have,

# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45.

#

# (2006-12-09):

# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving

# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis

# of this time zone.  My hunch is that it's been around since well

# before 1975.  I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago.



# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15):

# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the

# introduction of standard time in 1895.





# southeast Australia

#

# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):

# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT

# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October.

# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html





# South Australia



# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):

# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...

# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving

# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...



# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):

# #   The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]

# #						[ Nov 1990 ]

# ...

# Zone	Australia/South		9:30	AS	%sST

# ...

# Rule	 AS	1971	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D

# Rule	 AS	1972	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	C

# Rule	 AS	1986	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	3:00	0	C

# Rule	 AS	1991	max	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	C



# From Bradley White (1992-03-11):

# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide

# contained the following exchange:  "Due to the Adelaide Festival,

# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."



# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):

# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)

# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even

# numbered year (from 1990).  That's when the Adelaide Festival

# is on...



# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):

# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....

# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...

# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).



# From Bradley White (1994-04-11):

# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,

# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can

# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....



# From John Warburton (1994-10-07):

# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...

# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....

# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.



# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):

# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.



# Tasmania



# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd

# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):

# #  The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]

# #					[ Nov 1990 ]



# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):

# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have

# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia

# (but nothing new about that).



# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):

# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the

# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,

# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria

# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000

# instead of the first Sunday in October.



# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules:

# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300



# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):

# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.



# Victoria



# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd

# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):

# #   The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]

# #						[ Nov 1990 ]



# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29):

# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an

# interesting story about daylight savings time.  Dr. John Heilbron was

# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar

# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located

# in Melbourne, Australia.

#

# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which

# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day

# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's

# fallen WWI soldiers.  And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time,

# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the

# expected time.

#

# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had

# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of

# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?).  Perhaps

# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more.

#

# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html

# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au



# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):

# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.



# New South Wales



# From Arthur David Olson:

# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.

# Based on law library research by John Mackin,

# who notes:

#	In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the

#	individual states.  Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time''

#	[I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common

#	use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the

#	legislation.  This is very important to understand.

#	I have researched New South Wales time only...



# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):

# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual

# October in 2000.  [See: Matthew Moore,

# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html">

# Two months more daylight saving

# </a>

# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).]



# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):

# See the following official NSW source:

# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ">

# Daylight Saving in New South Wales.

# </a>

#

# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of

# daylight saving next year.  See:

# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm">

# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving

# </a> (1999-07-22).  For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.

#

# Victoria will following NSW.  See:

# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm">

# Vic to extend daylight saving

# </a> (1999-07-28).

#

# However, South Australia rejected the DST request.  See:

# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm">

# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request

# </a> (1999-07-19).

#

# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics.  See:

# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm">

# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics

# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying

# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time

# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very

# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of

# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.

# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.''

#

# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000.  See:

# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm">

# Broken Hill to be behind the times

# </a> (1999-07-21).



# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian

# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken

# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.



# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29:

# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW

# towns to use Queensland time.



# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):

# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.



# Yancowinna



# From John Mackin (1989-01-04):

# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.



# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):

# # YANCOWINNA..  [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]

# #					[ Dec 1990 ]

# ...

# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the

# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings

# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government

# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have

# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not

# # presently available.

# Zone	Australia/Yancowinna	9:30	 AY	%sST

# ...

# Rule	 AY	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D

# Rule	 AY	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	3:00	0	C

# [followed by other Rules]



# Lord Howe Island



# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):

# LHI...		[ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ]

#					[ Dec 1990 ]

# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an

# hour ahead of NSW time.



# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27):

# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same

# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27).  For your information the

# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is

# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time

# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour

# instead of only 30 minutes.  [Dependent] on the wishes of residents

# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing

# arrangements.  The starting date for summer time on the Island will

# however always coincide with the rest of NSW.



# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25):

# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards

# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently

# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as

# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start

# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW.



# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):

# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and

# Lonergan thereafter.  For times we use Lonergan.



# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):

# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.



# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28):

# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight

# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009

# summer (southern hemisphere).

#

# From

# <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf">

# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf

# </a>

# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling

# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing.

# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each

# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year.

# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia

# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and

# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year...

#

# We have a wrap-up here:

# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html">

# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html

# </a>

###############################################################################



# New Zealand



# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):

# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.

# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for

# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).

# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.



# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):

# # The Country of New Zealand   (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!

# #				   or is Australia the west island of N.Z.

# #	[ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ]

# #				[ Nov 1990 ]

# ...

# Rule	NZ      1974    1988	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D

# Rule	NZ	1989	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D

# Rule	NZ      1975    1989	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	S

# Rule	NZ	1990	max	-	Mar	lastSun	3:00	0	S

# ...

# Zone	NZ			12:00	NZ		NZ%sT	# New Zealand

# Zone	NZ-CHAT			12:45	-		NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island



# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):

# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989

# rather than the October 1 value.



# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);

# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.

# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight

# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard

# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.

# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.

#

# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):

# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history,

# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references.

# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger.

#

# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with

# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham

# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland.



# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30):

# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the

# first Sunday in April.  The changes take effect this year, meaning

# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.

# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended



###############################################################################





# Fiji



# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji

# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time

# instead of the American system (which was one day behind).



# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):

# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01

# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28.  Each year the DST period will

# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.



# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):

# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time.  Go with McDow.



# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC):

# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to

# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.  But correspondents say it

# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific

# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new

# millenium.



# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)

# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.



# Johnston



# Johnston data is from usno1995.





# Kiribati



# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):

# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati

# ``declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''

# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.





# Kwajalein



# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:

# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,

# 1993-08-20.  Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with

# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,

# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.





# N Mariana Is, Guam



# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the

# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones

# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.

# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;

# see Asia/Manila.



# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time,

# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time".  There is no official abbreviation,

# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,

# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".





# Micronesia



# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),

# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk"

# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.''

#

# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11

# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.



# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):

# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in

# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html">

# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information

# </a> (1999-01-26)

# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.

# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.





# Midway



# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),

# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection

# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31):

# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight

# Saving Time.  This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,

# your time down there in New Zealand.  Starting September 2, 1956

# we'll again go back to Standard Time.  This'll mean that we'll go to

# air at 6am your time.

#

# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):

# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they

# started DST on June 3.  Possibly DST was observed other years

# in Midway, but we have no record of it.





# Pitcairn



# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):

# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998

# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time.  The Proclamation is as follows.

#

#	The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be

#	Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known

#	as Pitcairn Standard Time.

#

# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several

# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation

# somehow in light of this proclamation.



# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):

# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998

# ... at midnight.



# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:

# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as

# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in

# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.





# Samoa



# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)

# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change

# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,

# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that

# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''





# Tonga



# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):

# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting

# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''

# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.



# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle

# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm">

# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins'

# </a>:



# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST

# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT.  When New Zealand adjusted its

# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its

# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of

# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees

# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).

#

# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince

# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time

# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.

#

# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer

# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40

# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40

# minutes we have lost?"

#

# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that

# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth

# to say your prayers in the morning."



# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):

# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.



# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):

# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium

# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.

# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from

# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan

# Government.



# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):

# * Tonga will introduce DST in November

#

# I was given this link by John Letts:

# <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm">

# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm

# </a>

#

# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November

# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead

# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead

# (12 + 1 hour DST).



# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20):

# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html">

# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html

# </a>:

# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000

# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the

# third Saturday of April.  Under the system approved by Privy Council on

# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and

# set back an hour on the closing date."

# Alas, no indication of the time of day.



# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):

# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.

# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.



# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31):

# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com

# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19

# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article

# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the

# text, and I have forgotten to report it here.

# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm )



# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):

# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.



# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow:

# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom

# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am.  At 2:00am on the last Sunday

# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one

# hour to 1:00am.



# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05):

# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed.  It wasn't.





# Wake



# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,

# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):

#

# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ...  The time was all the

# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the

# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays.  Furthermore, we

# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time

# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost

# impossible.

#

# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm



# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):

# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.



###############################################################################



# The International Date Line



# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):

#

# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,

# convention, or treaty.  Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.

# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on

# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.

#

# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and

# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL

# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most

# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati.  Even that line

# has a rather arbitrary nature.  The straight-line boundaries between Pacific

# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international

# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is

# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some

# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC.  And, since the IDL is not

# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the

# correct date is ambiguous.



# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31):

# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting

# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's

# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's

# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon).  During 1917, at the

# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all

# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones

# on the high seas.  Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any

# nation it would use that nation's standard time.  The captain was permitted

# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's

# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight.  These zones were

# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many

# independent merchant ships until World War II.



# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen

# (2005-03-20):

#

# The American Practical Navigator (2002)

# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187>

# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in

# international waters; it ignores the international date line.

